Haemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, serum C\peptide and insulin resistance in relation to serum uric acid levels\\the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Haemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, serum C\peptide and insulin resistance in relation to serum uric acid levels\\the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. patients with lower baseline HbA1c levels (quartile 1 group). Furthermore, UA levels were lowest after tofogliflozin had been administered for 4?weeks (except for the levels in men in the quartile 4 group), but HbA1c levels gradually decreased and became lowest after 24?weeks of treatment with tofogliflozin (except for the levels in women in the quartile 1 group). Serum HbA1c levels decreased significantly from baseline to Weeks 4 and 24. However, serum UA levels had decreased significantly from baseline in women at Weeks 4 and 24 but not in men in the quartile 3 group at Week 24 or in the quartile 4 group at Weeks 4 or 24. Loganic acid Open in a separate window Figure 1 Change in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (right panels) and uric acid levels (left panels) from baseline until Week 24 in patients receiving tofogliflozin. A, Men. B, Women. Least squares mean (standard error) (last observation carried forward [LOCF]). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) between groups. ** em P /em ? ?.001, n.s.; not significant one sample t\test vs baseline. Adjusted with baseline uric acid and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as covariates for change in uric acid. Adjusted with baseline eGFR as a covariate for change in HbA1c Sex differences, baseline levels of HbA1c and serum UA and log10\transformed urinary N\acetyl\\D\glucosaminidase (NAG)Ccreatinine ratio were significantly correlated with the reduction in serum UA levels at both 4 and 24?weeks (Table 1) ( em P /em ? ?.0001, respectively). Baseline levels of serum UA and eGFR were negatively correlated with reduction in serum UA levels at 4 and 24?weeks. Sex differences (women) were also negatively correlated with reduction in serum UA levels. When patients were also treated with angiotensin II receptor blockers or diuretics, the baseline level of HbA1c, log10\transformed urinary albumin creatinine ratio and log10\transformed urinary NAGCcreatinine ratio were positively correlated with the reduction in serum UA levels at 4 and 24?weeks. The degree of reduction in serum UA levels was greater in the subjects who Loganic acid received tofogliflozin than that in subjects who received a placebo (Figure S1). Additionally, in the subjects receiving tofogliflozin, the decreases in serum UA levels from baseline to week 24 were observed, regardless of the sexes. Table 1 Baseline factors influencing degrees of uric acid reduction thead valign=”middle” th align=”left” valign=”middle” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Factors /th th align=”left” valign=”middle” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ /th th align=”left” valign=”middle” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Loganic acid em P /em /th /thead Multivariate analysis for uric acid reduction at week 4Tofogliflozin (40?mg vs 10?mg)0.12.19Tofogliflozin (40?mg vs 20?mg)0.07.10Sex (women)?0.46 .0001* Angiotensin receptor blocker0.13.0034Diuretics0.19.0176Age (years)?0.01.0065HbA1c (%)0.15 .0001* Uric acid (mg/dL)?0.31 .0001* Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)0.002.0039Log10\transformed urinary albuminCcreatinine ratio (log10 mg/g Cr)0.07 .0001* Log10\transformed urinary NAGCcreatinine ratio (log10 U/g Cr)0.19 .0001* eGFR (mL/min/1.73?m2)?0.01 .0001* Multivariate analysis for uric acid reduction at week 24Tofogliflozin (40?mg vs 10?mg)0.10.3458Tofogliflozin (40?mg vs 20?mg)?0.004.93Sex Rabbit polyclonal to ARAP3 (women)?0.56 .0001* Angiotensin receptor blocker0.13.0137Diuretics0.27.0038Body mass index (kg/m2)0.02.0006HbA1c (%)0.21 .0001* Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance0.005.0116Uric acid (mg/dL)?0.3 .0001* Log10\transformed urinary albuminCcreatinine ratio (log10 mg/g Cr)0.05.0093Log10\transformed urinary NAGCcreatinine ratio (log10 U/g Cr)0.2 .0001* eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)?0.003.0427 Open in a separate window Selected Loganic acid factors for the multivariate analysis: dosage of tofogliflozin, age, sex, duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, glycoalbumin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, homeostatic model assessment of cell function, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, log10\transformed Loganic acid urinary albuminCcreatinine ratio, log10\transformed 2 microglobulinCcreatinine ratio, log10\transformed N\acetyl\\D\glucosaminidase (NAG)Ccreatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), statin, angiotensin receptor blocker, calcium channel blocker, diuretics, antihypertensive drugs, antihyperuricemic drugs, uric acid. * em P /em ? ?.0001. 4.?DISCUSSION The factors affecting the reduction in UA levels were baseline serum levels.